Kendo, meaning “Way of the Sword,” is a modern Japanese martial art descended from samurai swordsmanship, focusing on character development through, discipline, and mental fortitude. Practitioners use bamboo swords called shinai and protective armor called bogu to strike designated targets, combining intense physical activity with traditional spiritual values.
Reihou (Etiquette) #
Kendo places great emphasis on respect even within the context of competitive matches. Practitioners demonstrate their mutual respect—both in spirit and in form—and express their gratitude for the opportunity to cross swords with one another. In Kendo, Reiho refers to the etiquette and manner of bowing, which is a essential aspect of the practice that emphasizes mutual respect, gratitude, and character development.
To commence practice, a brief meditation is followed by three ceremonial bows. The first bow is directed toward the “Shomen-ni”; this gesture expresses gratitude for the opportunity to practice and is typically performed facing the national flag displayed in the gym. The second bow is directed toward the “senseigata-ni” signifying respect for the instructors and mentors. Finally, the third bow is directed “otagai-ni” expressing both gratitude and respect for one’s practicing partners. Upon the conclusion of training, the same sequence is observed—beginning with a brief meditation—and these three bows are performed in reverse order.
Rihou (Rational Principles and Methods) #
In Kendo, ri-hou refers to the “rational principles” that govern the use of the sword. It is the logical foundation that explains why a particular movement, timing, or distance is effective. Kendo waza (techniques) culminate in rational, effective strikes that harmonize spirit/shout, proper sword movements, and proper body posture and movements. While waza is the physical execution, riai is the underlying logic of that technique. It involves understanding the proper maai (distance), timing, and the opponent’s psychological state. The Constituent Elements of Rihou
- Shinpou (Mental Discipline): The mental state of maintaining a correct mindset when confronting an opponent, seizing the opportune moment without fail, and executing one’s techniques.
- Touhou (Sword Technique): Based on the fundamental principles of the shinken (actual blade), this encompasses the correct handling of the shinai (bamboo sword), as well as the understanding and manipulation of hasuji (the blade’s edge), shinogi (ridge), and monouchi (striking point).
- Shinpou (Body Mechanics): The physical utilization of the body—centering on the abdomen and hips to maintain a stable posture—including sabaki (body movement) and agile footwork.
